Binocular telescope.



No. 7I2,||3. l Patented Oct. 28, |902. E. BAUSCH &. G. HUMMEL'.

BINDCULAR TELESCDPE.

(Application led Jan. 7, 1901.)

. I rvertors v W Attorney No. 7I2.||3. Patented Oct. 28, |902.

E. BAUSCH G. HUMMEL. BINOCULAR TELESCOPE.

(Application led Jan. 7, 1901.)

2 Sheeis-Sheet 2.

/VLQA/ Attorney,

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

EDWARD BAUSCH AND GEORGE HOMMEL, OF ROCHESTER, NEV YORK,

ASSIGNORS TO THE BAUSCH d; LOMB OPTICAL COMPANY, OF ROCHES- TER, .NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEV YORK.

BlNocjU LAR TELEsCoPE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 712,113, dated October 28, 1902.

Application liled January 7, 1901. Serial No. 42,274. (No model.)

19 @ZZ wil/0m. t may concern:

Be it known that we, EDWARD BAUSCH and GEORGE HOMMEL, of Rochester, in the county ot' Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Binocular Telescopes; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forniing a part of this specification, and to the reference-numerals marked thereon.

Our present invention has for its object to provide an improved construction of highpower held-glasses or binocular telescopes whereby the separate barrels or tubes may be adjusted laterally for variations in pupilary distance and the eyepieces simultaneously adjusted longitudinally to focus the glass without danger of lateral motion between the parts, retaining the eyepieces in accurate focal alinement with their corresponding objectives, and also to provide a simple adjustment permitting a secondary focal adjustment to one eyepiece, accommodating the glass for the use of persons having eyes of diierent strength.

Our invention further consists in provid` ing means for adjustably securing the prisms on their shelves or platforms in the casings, whereby they may be adjusted laterally thereon and secured in accurate position.

To these and other ends our invention consists in certain improvements hereinafter fully described, and the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the end of this specification.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of a binocular telescope or field-glass con structed in accordance with our invention, the operating mechanism being shown in section and parts of the casings broken away to more clearly illustrate the construction of the device. Fig. 2 is a top plan view, and Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view, thereof. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view similar to 'that of Fig. 1, illustrating a modification of the adjusting mechanism. Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line a: so of Fig. 1 showing the independent adjustment for one of the eyepieces. Fig. 6 is across-sectional view on the line Iy 1 1/ of Fig. 1, illustrating theprism adjustment; Fig. 7, a longitudinal sectional view showing the arrangement of the prisms.

Similar reference-numerals in the several figures indicate similar parts.

The adjusting mechanisms l have shown are adapted to be used upon binocular fieldglasses or telescopes, particularly the form shown in United States Letters Patent No. 584,976, granted to ErnstAbbe June 22, 1897, and these embody generally the casings 1, having shelves 2 and 3, upon which are mounted Porro prisms L1.

One end of the casings is closed by heads 5, carrying the objectives 6, and upon the opposite ends are heads 7,in which are mounted tubes S, the lower ends of which extend inwardly into the casing and abut against one side ot' the shelves 2. Mounted in said tubes are telescoping or draw tubes 9, having heads 10, in which are mounted lenses or eyepieces 11, and by forming comparatively long bearing-surfaces between the two tubes we are enabled to prevent lateral movement between the parts to interfere with the optical alinement of the eyepieces or objectives and also to prevent the entrance of dust to the interior of the casings or to the prisms.

The easings are adapted to be adjusted to the pupilarydistance between the eyes of the operator, and to` accomplish this we arrange hinged joints between the two casings, as will be described. At the proximate edges of the heads 5 and 7 are formed extensions 15 and 16, adapted to overlap, a portion of each being out away to form flush joints. The extensions 16 are provided with apertures through which extends a tubular bolt 17, having upon its4 outer end a circular nut 1S, provided with apertures 19, adapted to receive a Spanner or wrench. A pin 20, passing through the head of the bolt and engaging one of the arms 16, secures it in position while the nut is being applied. The overlapping arms or extensions 15 on the heads v5 are hinged by a similar bolt 23, having a nut 2i, provided with apertures 25, and it is also secured against revolving by a pin 26. The sliding eyepieces or draw-tubes 9 are each provided with arms 100, pivoted at their proximate ends to the upper end of a vertically movable and1non-rotatable member 27, secured to the arms by a washer 28 and screw 29. Said connection` however, permits said arms to swing on the member as a pivot. The arms are secured to the tubes 9 by means of sleeves 32, inwhich the tubes are mounted, having annular shoulders 33 at one side.

` cam-track 134, in which engages the end of a screw 35, projecting inwardly from the inner surface of the sleeve. The outer end of the tube is provided with a cap 36, the lower end of'which extendsover the sleeve 32, and Secured thereon is a ring 37, having a graduated scale or markings, as shown in Fig. 1, adapted to register with an index-line on the sleeve. By constructing the ring 37 separate from the cap we are enabled to screw the latter into place and adjust the ring by revolving it on the cap until the scale registers with the index-marks corresponding with the position of the eye lens or tube in-its sleeve, when the ring may be secured perma` nently in position.

The simultaneous adjustment ofy the eyepieces relative to the objectives is accomplished by providing upon the lower end of the member 27 a head 40, having upon its exterior screw-threads cooperating with threads upon the interior of a sleeve or nut 41, attached by a screw 42 to ahub 43, formed integral With or rigidly attached to an arbor 42, the upper end of which extends into acentral aperture 48 in the member 27, serving to guidel the latter as it is moved inwardly and outwardly by the rotation of the nut or sleeve 41. The lower portion of the arbor 42 below the hub 43 is inclosed by a tube 44, secured in the 'nut23, and a nut 45 on the end of the arbor engages against the shoulder formed by the end of the tube 44. A suitable covering 47, having a knurled or milled edge, is applied over the sleeve 41 and also secured by the screw 42' and lends a finished appearance to the device and alords a suitable hold for the fingers to manipulate it.

The swinging movement of the casings 1 on the hinges is limited by means of engaging shoulders 50, formed at opposite sides ofthe extensions on the heads 5, as shown in Fig. 2.

To adapt the glasses to the pupilary distance of one individual and yet permit them to be adjusted for the use of others, we provide upon one of the heads 5 a leaf-spring 51, the end ofwhich engages a notch 52 in a disk 53, secured stationary upon the end of the nut 24 by the head of the screw 46 entering the bolt 23. By loosening the screw 46 the disk 53 may be revolved until the notch therein Au independent verti-A `faces should be in a direct line.

registers with the end of the spring 51, when the casings maybe turned on theirzhinges or joints until the eyepieces are adjusted forthe pupilary' distance between the operators eyes. Then by tightening the screw 46 the disk willl be secured, so that upon subsequent movements ofl the-glass the proper adjust- Iment will always be indicated as the `spring kvand notch engage, their engagement, however, serving to indicate the proper adjustment and not to lock the parts.

In Fig. 4 we have shown a modification of Athe structure'just described, in which the casings 1 are connected by separate arms 55 fand 56, arranged at-the upper and lower ends -of frames-57, having their ends undercut to form smooth joints. The overlapping portions of the arms upon one frame are adapted to extend over the` corresponding portions of the opposite arms, and the latter are connected by a tubular shell 58. Arranged'within.

the shell is a sl'eve`59, having ahead 60,.en gaging the outer arm 56 and secured'against revolving by ascrew 61, and at the. opposite end of the sleeve is a tubular nut. having thev Vhead 52, which engages over the outer arm 55, uniting the frames 57 by a tight hinge connection. lThe end of the screw 61 also projects into a segmental slot 63 in the inner arm 56, which limits the swinging movement The draw- The lower end of the pillar is provided with a threaded head 89, and extending into ythe latter is a central aperture 70. T-he adjustment of the arms is accomplished by an `inte1nallythreaded nut or sleeve 71 engaging the head 89, and the nutis provided with an arbr or spindle 74, adapted to rotate in the sleeve 59, being secured therein by a nut 75 ,at its lower end. A projection or guide 76 is arranged within the sleeve 71 and projecting into the aperture in the pillar 67- guides thelatter, and a cap 71X on the sleeve 71 limits the upward movement of the pillar and prevents separation of the parts. justment of the device to the pupilary distance of the operator-s eyesis similar to thaty heretofore described and embodies the spring 77, secured to the arm 56, which engages a notch 78 in a disk 79, the latter being secured to the end of the sleeve 59v by a screw 80.

In glasses of the class described, in which a combination of prisms is employed to refract the light and increase the focal dis-r tance between the objective and eyepiece, it is essential that the bases or proximate faces vof the prisms 4 should lie in parallel planesI IOO IIO

The adand also that the centers of their refracting- The first requisite is easily accomplished by accurately milling the faces of the shelves 2 and 3; but

to accomplish the second adjustment it is necessary to provide means tor adjusting the prisms longitudinally.

In finishing the surfaces of the shelves by the operation above referred to surfaces or shoulders 82 are formed upon each at right angles to each other, against which one edge of the prisms bear. Small screws S3 and S4, projecting through the casing at an angle to each other, engage at the sides of the curved ends ofthe prisms, as shown in Fig. G. By this arrangement it Will be seen that by adjusting the screws the prisms may be moved longitudinally in either direction upon their shelves until their centers are coincident, insuring a perfect reection of the image without distortion, when they are tightly secured in position against the surfaces or shoulders 82. The screws S3 and 8l being accessible from the exterior ot' the casing allows the prisms to be easily and quickly adjusted without removing them, and when the usual covering ot leather or similar material is applied to the casing the screws are concealed.

The various adjusting devices we have described are particularly adapted to be employed upon field-glasses or telescopes of high power, in which it is necessary to hold the eyepieces in accurate focal alinement without any lateral movement between the parts, and

the hinged or jointed connection between theV casings permits a range of adjustment between the centers of the eyepieces, whereby the liability of the glasses producing a double image is prevented and the glasses are capable of use by dierent persons.

As far as the focusing adjustment ot' the instrument is concerned it is immaterial whether or not the objectives are separated a greater distance apart than the eyepieces, as in the Abbe patent before referred to.

Ve claim as our inventionl. In a binocular telescope the combination With the casings having the longitudinallymovable eyepiece-tubes therein, separate projections upon each casing adapted to overlap, and tubular bolts connecting said projections, of arms connecting the eyepiece-tubes, adjusting devices operating through the bolts and connected to the arms whereby the eyepieces may be moved relatively to their casings.

2. In a binocular telescope the combination with the casings having the movable eyepieces, connections between the casings, and separate arms arranged between the eyepieces, of a relatively stationary member mounted on the arms, amovable member cooperating therewith and mounted on the casings and a guide for the former member arranged within the latter.

3. In a binocular telescope the combination with the casings having the movable eyepieces, hinge connections between the casings, arms connecting the eyepieces and a relatively stationary member carried upon said arms, of a guide arranged upon the casings extending into said member, and a movable member cooperating with the stationary member and mounted upon the guide.

4. In a telescope the combination with a casing having the guide, a tube movable longitudinally therein having the eyepiece, and projections upon the casing, an arm on the tube, and a longitudinally-movable adjusting member operating through one of the projections on the casing and connected to the arm. of a guide supported inthe other projection extending into said member, and a rotary adjusting member cooperating with the latter and supported upon the guide.

5. In a telescope the combination with a casing having a movable eyepiece therein, projections at the side of the casing, and an arm supporting the eyepiece, of a hollow pillar movable longitudinally through one of the projections connected to the arm and having screw-tln'eads upon its lower end, a rotary sleeve arranged between the projections having threads upon its interior cooperating with those upon the pillar, a guide supported in the other project-ion and extending into the pillar, and means for limiting the upward movement of the latter.

o. In a telescope the combination with a casing having the movable eyepiece, projections upon the casing, an arm supporting the eyepiece, and a hollow pillar movable longitudinally through one of the projections connected to the arm and having a threaded head, an arbor revolubly mounted upon the other projection engaging the interior of the pillar, a rotary sleeve having threads upon its interior engaging those upon the pillarbead and supported between the projections.

7. In a telescope the combination with a casing having the movable eyepiece, projections upon the casing, an arm supporting the eyepiece, and a hollow pillar movable longitudinally through one of the projections connected rigidly to the arm and having a threaded head, an arbor revolubly mounted in the other projection extending into the pillar, a hub on the arbor anda sleeve on the hub having the threaded interior cooperating with the threaded hub.

S. In a binocular telescope the combination with the casings, overlapping projections thereon, and tubular hinge connections between thelatter, movable eyepieces in the casings, hinged arms connecting said eyepieces, and a longitudinally-movable pillar connected to the arms and having the screw-threads, of a guide supportedon the projections in the axial line of the casing-hinges and extending into the pillar, a rotary sleeve supported on the guide having the threaded interior cooperating with the pillar.

9. In a binocular telescope the combination with the casings, overlapping projections thereon, and tubular hinge connections between the latter, movable eyepieces in the casings, hinged arms connecting the eyepieces, and a pillar connected to said arms having the IOO ICS

ITO

. the casings having stops upon each side of their centers adapted to limit the swinging movement of the casings in both directions and hinged arms between the eyepieces, of an adjusting mechanism arranged between the said arms and casings whereby the eyepieces may be adjusted relatively to their casings.

1l. In a telescope, the combination with a casing having an objective therein, a tube carrying an eyepiece movable rotarily and longitudinally relatively to the objective, and a spiral cam connection arranged between the casing and tube, of a cap secured to said tube, and a part having indicia thereon and separate from but mounted on the cap and adapted to be rotated with said tube and stationary indicia on the casing with which that on the tube cooperates.

12. In a telescope, the combination with a casing having an objective therein a tube carrying an eyepiece movable rotarily and longitudinally relatively to the objective, and a spiral cam connection arranged between the casing and tube, of a cap secured to the tube, a ring separate from but mounted on the cap having a scale and adapted to be rotated with said tube, and a stationary index on the casing with which the scale coperates.

13. In a binocular telescope the combination with the casings having the movable tubes carrying theeyepieces, separate connections between the casings and tubes, and an adjusting mechanism arranged between said connections, of a separate sleeve mounted on the supporting connections of the tubes, and spiral connections between the sleeve and tube, a depending index-ring adjustably mounted on the cap and surrounding the end of the sleeve, and an index on the latter.

14. In a binocular telescope the combination with the casings, the movable tubes carrying the eyepieces operating therein, connections between the casings, separate arms -casing having prisms arranged therein,

shelves for the latter having upon one side a surface adapted to engage the side of the prism, of separate independently-adjustable means engaging the ends of the prism for adjusting it longitudinally'and laterally on the shelf and securing it thereon.

16. In a telescope' the combination with a casing having prisms arranged therein, shelves supporting the latter having upon one side a surface adapted to engage one side of the prism, of separate independently-movable adjusting devices arranged atan angle to the engaging surface on' the shelf and engaging opposite ends of the prismsto move them longitudinally and laterally in the casing in contact with said surface.

17. In a telescope the combination with casing having the prisms 4, shelves 2 and 3 supporting the latter having the surfaces 82, of the screws 83 and 84C, arranged atA an angle to said surface and engaging opposite ends of the prisms whereby they may be moved longitudinally and laterally in the casing and rigidly secured on their shelves in contact with the surface 82.

18. In a telescope the combination with a casing provided with two prisms having their bases lying in parallel horizontal planes but arranged in dierent vertical planes, of shelves in the casing supporting the prisms having a bearing-surface upon one side engaging one side of each prism and adjusting devices accessible from the exterior of the casing engaging the ends of the prisms at an angle to said surfaces, whereby prisms may be adjusted longitudinally and laterally on their shelves.

EDWARD BAUSCH. GEORGE HOMMEL.

Witnesses: I

IRA D. KINGSBURY, J. 'HAMMELE 

